General
Properties
Alloy 410S (UNS S41008) is a low carbon, non–hardening modification of Alloy 410 (UNS S41000) the general purpose 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel. The low carbon and a small alloy addition minimize austenite formation at high temperatures which restricts the alloys ability to harden. 410S remains soft and ductile even when rapidly cooled from above the critical temperature. This non-hardening characteristic helps prevent cracking when the alloy is exposed to high temperatures or welded. 410S is completely ferritic in the annealed condition. It exhibits adequate corrosion resistance similar to 410 and good oxidation resistance.
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Applications
Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Processing
Columns
Distillation trays
Heat exchangers
Towers
Ore Processing
Mining machinery
Thermal Processing
Annealing boxes
Partitions
Quenching racks
Gate valves
Press plates
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Standards
ASTM...............A 240
ASME............... SA 240
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Chemical Analysis
The austenitic stainless steels are considered
to be the most weldable of the high-alloy steels
and can be welded by all fusion and resistance
welding processes. The Alloys 304 and 304L are
typical of the
| Cr |
Ni |
C |
Mn |
| 11.5 min. - 14.5 max. |
0.60 max. |
0.08 max. |
1.00 max. |
| P |
S |
Si |
Fe |
| 0.040 max. |
0.030 max. |
1.00 max. |
Balance* |
*Alloy predominates remaining composition. Other elements may be present only in minimal quantities.
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Physical
Properties
Density
0.28 lb/in3
7.73 g/cm3
Magnetic Permeability
0.28 lb/in3
7.73 g/cm3
Modulus of Elasticity
29 x 106 psi
200 GPa
Thermal Conductivity 212°F (100°C)
187 Btu-in/hr-ft2-°F
26.9 W/m-°K
Specific Heat
0.11 BTU/lb-°F (32-212°F)
0.46 KJ/kg-°K (0-100°C)
Electrical Resistivity
23.7 Microhm-in at 68°F
60 Microhm-cm at 20°C
Melting Range
2700 – 2790°F
1480 – 1530°C
Linear Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion
| |
In/in°F |
um/m-°K |
| 32 – 212°F (0 – 100°C) |
6.0 x 10-6 |
10.8 |
| 32 – 600°F (0 – 315°C) |
6.4 x 10-6 |
11.5 |
| 32 – 1000°F (0 – 538°C) |
6.7 x 10-6 |
12.2 |
| 32 – 1200°F (0 – 649°C) |
7.5 x 10-6 |
13.5 |
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Mechanical
Properties
Typical Room Temperature Mechanical Properties, Mill Annealed
| Ultimate Tensile Strength |
0.2 percent offset Yield Strength |
Elongation percent in 2"
(50mm) |
Reduction percent of area |
Hardness Rockwell B |
| psi |
(MPa) |
psi |
(MPa) |
| 64,400 |
(444) |
42,000 |
(290) |
33 |
65 |
75 |
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Corrosion Resistance
The corrosion resistance of Sandmeyer Steel 410S stainless steel is similar to type 410. It resists corrosion in atmospheric conditions, fresh water, mild organic and mineral acids, alkalis and some chemicals. It’s exposure to chlorides in everyday activities (e.g., food preparation, sports activities, etc.) is generally satisfactory when proper cleaning is performed after exposure to use.
General Corrosion Behavior Compared With Other Nonaustenitic Stainless Steels*
5% Test
Solution at 120°F (49°C) |
Corrosion Rate in Mils per Year and Millimeters per Year (mm/a) |
| Alloy 409 |
Alloy 410S |
Alloy 420 |
Alloy 425 Mod |
Alloy 440A |
Alloy 430 |
| Acetic Acid |
0.88
(0.022) |
0.079
(0.002) |
1.11
(0.028) |
4.79
(0.122) |
2.31
(0.0586) |
0.025
(0.0006) |
| Phosphoric Acid |
0.059
(0.002) |
0.062
(0.002) |
0.068
(0.002) |
0.593
(0.015) |
0.350
(0.009) |
0.029
(0.001) |
*Hardened martensitic grades were tested after tempering at 400°F (204°C)
As shown in the above table, 410S has good corrosion resistance to low concentratiions of mild organic and mineral acids.
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Oxidation Resistance
The oxidation resistance of 410S stainless steel is good. It can be used in continuous service up to 1300°F (705°C). Scaling becomes excessive above 1500°F (811°C) in intermittent service.
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Formability
410S stainless steel can be easily formed by spinning, bending
and roll forming.
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Heat Treatment
The alloy can not be hardened by heat treatment. It is annealed in the 1600 – 1650°F (871 – 899°C) range and then air cooled to relieve cold working stresses. 410S should not be exposed to temperatures of 2000°F (1093°C) or above due to embrittlement. If excessive large grains are encountered after annealing mildly cold-worked material, the annealing temperature should be decreased to a range of 1200 – 1350°F (649 – 732°C) range.
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Machining
Alloy 410S should be machined in the annealed condition using surface speeds of 60 to 80 feet (18.3 – 24.4 m) per minute.
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Surface Preparation
For maximum corrosion resistance to chemical environments, it is essential that the 410S surface be free of all heat tint or oxide formed during annealing or hot working. All surfaces must be ground or polished to remove any traces of oxide and surface decarburization. The parts should then be immersed in a warm solution of 10-20% nitric acid followed by a water rinse to remove any residual iron.
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Welding
410S is generally considered to be weldable by the common fusion and resistance techniques. Special consideration should be given to avoid brittle weld fractures during fabrication by minimizing discontinuities, maintaining low weld heat input and occasionally warming the part somewhat before forming. 410S is generally considered to have slightly poorer weldability than the most common ferritic stainless steel grade 409. A major difference can be attributed to the alloy addition to control hardening which results in the need for higher heat input to achieve penetration during arc welding. When a weld filler is required, AWS E/ER 309L or 430 filler material is most often specified.
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